French Revolution: Ultimately a Failure

Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite were the fundamental standards of the French unrest. Be that as it may, it was where these three beliefs would be bent into just good and physical brutality. The insurgency was at last a disappointment which spun crazy and started to kill itself. The French needed Freedom from its absolutist ruler, yet thus observed themselves being represented by the villain. These residents needed a feeling of fraternity among their nation, yet observed their country being destroyed by violence.Furthermore, the third bequest tried to profit by another legislature that guaranteed equity; be that as it may, the outcome was a further unevenness in an effectively degenerate society. Incidentally, the grisly rule of fear which was manufactured by the French government, negated the goals of which the very upset represented, further outlining the articulate disappointment of this occasion. In the first place, the French considered the to be as an approach to improve their lives, however this way immediately transformed into an astonishing rising into obscurity, which beside monstrous misery, accomplished nothing.During the rule of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, progressive thoughts thrived through the time of edification. Be that as it may, Louis committed a vital error by helping the American Revolution; despite the fact that it was a military achievement, it was a financial disappointment. France was bankrupt and the individuals were starving; they looked as their rulers, aristocrats and privileged carry on with an existence of extravagance and riches while they endured destitution, definitely changing how the residents saw their ruler. Before long this disdain changed into unadulterated contempt and nothing should be possible to change their minds.Before long the individuals revolted and Louis’ powers were stripped away, a renewed person was then taken care of, Robespierre. Maximilien Francois Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a man wh o had extraordinary force and mishandled it; to some he was â€Å"The Incorruptible†, yet in all actuality was a ruthless despot. As a youngster, he contemplated the law and held a notoriety for trustworthiness and empathy. He tried to abrogate capital punishment and would not articulate a necessary capital punishment in the wake of turning into an adjudicator : A victor who murders his hostage foes is known as a barbarian!A developed man who slaughters a kid that he could incapacitate and rebuff appears to us a beast! A denounced man censured by society is nothing else for it except for a vanquished and frail foe. Prior to it, he is more vulnerable than a youngster before a developed man †to eradicate from the code of the French the blood laws that order legal homicides, and that their ethics and their new constitution dismiss. I need to demonstrate to them: 1-that capital punishment is basically unreasonable and, 2-that it isn’t the most oppressive of punishment s and that it duplicates wrongdoings more than it forestalls them.However, as the transformation advanced so did his thoughts; he before long turned into the leader of the Jacobin club, an extreme gathering who pushed outcast or passing for the French honorability. At this point the once delicate and kind-hearted man, was currently supplanted by one who had built up an incredible love of intensity alongside a notoriety of prejudice, grandiosity and remorselessness . Robespierre immediately reached a resolution that the end would legitimize the methods, and that so as to protect the insurgency against the individuals who might devastate it, the shedding of blood was justified.Merlin de Thionville who was an individual from a few French administrative bodies said remarked that: â€Å"In those days so bad had France become that a wicked charlatan without ability or mental fortitude, whose name was Robespierre, made each resident tremble under his tyranny†. The French currently l ived under dread and mistreatment of a man who no longer thought about the individuals of the unrest but instead the unrest itself. Utilizing his incredible rhetoric aptitudes he effectively requested the execution of the ruler and sovereign without reasonable preliminary or judgment, saying that â€Å"Louis must pass on so the insurgency may live†.In January 1973 Louis XVI was executed, trailed by his better half ten months after the fact. By his own words he had become a beast, â€Å"A victor who executes his hostage adversaries is known as a barbarian† . A country can't be one when the individuals don't have confidence in the beliefs of the administration. The upheaval was just a common war which set residents in opposition to each other. While numerous individuals trusted in the transformation, they didn't acknowledge the radical thoughts of the Jacobins, and for that a great many normal individuals were focused on and killed.The September Massacres was a resulting mass slaughtering of detainees, after news that the Prussian Army had attacked France. On September 3, 1792, hordes of French residents raged into the jails where they assaulted detainees and obstinate pastorate, paying little mind to their status as traditionalist. A record of this occasion by Nicolas-Edme Restif represents the torment the residents caused on the detainees who were their â€Å"brothers†: There had been a delay in the homicides. Something was going on inside. . . . I disclosed to myself that it was over at last.Finally, I saw a lady show up, as white as a sheet, being helped by a turnkey. They said to her brutally: â€Å"Shout ‘Vive la country! ‘† â€Å"No! No! † she said. They caused her move to up on a heap of cadavers. One of the executioners snatched the turnkey and drove him away. â€Å"Oh! † shouted the disastrous lady, â€Å"do not hurt him! † They rehashed that she should yell â€Å"Vive la country! † Wi th scorn, she won't. At that point one of the executioners snatched her, tore away her dress, and tore open her stomach. She fell, and was done off by the others. Never would I be able to have envisioned such awfulness. I needed to run, however my legs gave way.I blacked out. At the point when I came to, I saw the ridiculous head. Somebody revealed to me they were going to wash it, twist its hair, stick it on the finish of a pike, and convey it past the windows of the Temple. What futile remorselessness! . . The quantity of dynamic executioners who participated in the slaughters was around one hundred and fifty. The remainder of Paris looked on with dread or endorsement, and the rest behind shut screens, implying the pulverization of solidarity through the individuals. With a nation whose residents hardheartedly murdered each other, how could the French have a feeling of Fraternite among themselves?A Nation isn't joined under dread and demise yet rather through harmony and flourishi ng, which was obviously something contrary to the French Revolution. Balance was guaranteed to the third home, however the upset didn't make a parity. What it did was additionally vexed the structure of society. Thus the first and second bequest was expelled from power, and the bourgeoisie set in their proper place. The remainder of the third home which incorporated the laborers and the common laborers (sans-culottes), were left with nothing: They were the working individuals, the ranchers, the retailers, the exchanges individuals, the craftsmans, and even the industrial facility workers.They were among the noticeable washouts of the primary, increasingly unobtrusive upheaval. While the white collar class and well off classes profited enormously from the upset, the sans-culottes saw their vocations vanishing and swelling driving them to battle for endurance. The sans-culottes and workers were commonly poor and had little force, they couldn't cast a ballot, hold office, or own territ ory since they didn't have the way to do as such. Since they couldn't possess land, laborers were irate that they had exchanged one ace for another; by and by they had ended up at the base of the ladder.The Sans-culottes offered reparations for this by adjusting themselves to the Jacobins. While this coalition gave them an exterior of intensity, they were just partners in crime to a gathering of radical scholars who required individuals to accomplish their grimy work. In any case, toward the end, huge numbers of the Sans-culottes ended up detained and executed by the extremely progressive courts that they had upheld. The upheaval gave just a deception of what the normal masses wanted; while the first and second homes were gone, another amazing and remorseless association comprised of the bourgeoisie were placed in their place.The Reign of Terror was intended to battle the foes of the upset; in light of that the unrest was not, at this point about opportunity, correspondence and fell owship, but instead a fanatic type of progressive beliefs. Any individual who had not adjusted themselves to the Jacobin rule or had ability and force were viewed as a danger to the new transformation, they were along these lines named as deceivers and condemned to the guillotine. Without precedent for history, fear turned into an official government strategy, with the goal to utilize savagery to accomplish political goals.In the course of this rule the new system figured out how to execute a huge number of individuals who were considered as having the capacity to stand up or topple the administration. Through this, scores of compelling individuals were erroneously denounced. In one specific execution, a lady by the name of Mme Roland expressed the words that have been deified by history, â€Å"O Liberty, what wrongdoings are submitted in thy name†. She was correct, the unrest had manhandled and perpetrated violations against the possibility of liberte, yet in addition of ega lite and fraternite.Every individual who put their head upon the guillotine, were there in light of the fact that the three beliefs which the unrest represented were ruined to help the radical perspectives on the Jacobins. The cutting edge period has unfurled the shadows of the French unrest. Eventually this timespan didn't bring any victories, but instead the inverse. The unrest was simply the result of a couple of conspiratorial people who indoctrinated the majority into undercutting the old request. The guarantees of egalite, equalite, and fraternite, were before long lost as brutality and gore set in.The French were anxious to be liberated from the choking class framework and total government. Be that as it may, the individuals ended up under

Wipro Consulting Services (WCS) as a global business leader in Coursework

Wipro Consulting Services (WCS) as a worldwide business pioneer in innovation counseling - Coursework Example Be that as it may, so as to turn into the business chief in innovation, it needs to go further. It required the autonomy and furthermore the key center which originates from working as one of the different unit inside Wipro and yet exploit the parent organization in innovation and to get the client base. Wipro Technologies Ltd is situated in Bangalore and utilizes around 95000 individuals over its office which is spread universally (Lampel, wt al, 2010). In the year 2001, the greater part of the innovation counseling firms such s Infosys, Wipro and Tata Consultancy Services had begun to give the premise IT foundation just as improvement of use administrations to its clients. As the organizations began to increase a superior information and comprehension of its clients the organizations began to help them to utilize IT in their business to improve the productivity and subsequently decrease the expense. Today these IT firms face a gigantic weight so as to convey high estimation of IT a dministrations to its clients. Subsequently unique plans of action were received by the organizations and furthermore by Wipro. Wipro Technologies utilizes two conveyance models to be specific â€Å"Global Delivery Model† and â€Å"Fixed Delivery Model†. Wipro have grown comprehensively a serious business which depends on the mastery and furthermore the capacity to distinguish, train, and oversee and inspire the ability. Preceding 2001, it was troublesome just as expensive for the organization to get to their ability in the created nations. Along these lines in such a circumstance it become progressively important for Wipro to create plans of action so to contend with the up and coming interest in the created markets. Under the administration of Kirk Strawser, Wipro attempted two from of plan of action. At the point when IT programming and counseling firm developed in India, the greater part of the Indian organizations didn't utilize the refined innovation to help the framework; this further brought about test for Wipro to persuade the organizations to utilize the innovation and help fabricate them an upper hand over different firms. Also, the majority of organizations had an in house IT division and was not ready to re-appropriate to different firms. The created showcase offered an a lot further pool of clients and furthermore more significant expense for the administrations than those in the Indian market (Khanna and Palepu, 2010, p.155). With its rise administrations and programming, numerous huge organizations began to actualized its utilization and therefore Wipro innovations rivaled the specialist co-ops of innovation. Wipro had confronted challenge in its innovation division from two classifications one was the worldwide players and the following was the Indian players. Worldwide players included organizations, for example, Accenture, IBM, HP, Cap Gemini and EDS (Burgelman, et al, 2008). These organizations had made over 90% of the worldwi de counseling market. Wipro was route behind these organizations. The organizations utilized the assets and furthermore as a result of cost bit of leeway of its seaward nearness in nations, for example, Russia, India, Philippines, Europe and others. Indian layers included organizations, for example, TCS, HCL, Cognizant, Infosys and others. Wipro and these organizations fundamentally utilized a similar idea as they began their activity with minimal effort IT specialist organizations and embraced the â€Å"global conveyance models†, â€Å"technology rationalization† and â€Å"service integration† (Lampel, wt al, 2010). Its landscape administrations and

How to Manage a Micromanaging Boss

How to Manage a Micromanaging Boss The best executive is one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, â€" Theodore RooseveltThe micromanaging boss often resembles a hawk watching its prey from a distance and waiting for a chance to swoop down and punish you for your mistakes. But how do you tame this savage beast when you have absolutely no control of their actions?To develop a productive relationship with your micromanaging boss, you need to work at restoring the confidence of your boss. To do this ask yourself a few personal questions such as â€"Are you often showing up late to office?Are you unable to deliver your projects as per the deadline?If the answer is yes, therein lies the problem. If the answer is no, we need to dig deeper to understand the type of person your boss is before we begin to address the issue.UNDERSTANDING THE “MICROMANAGING BOSS’S MINDSET”AND EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH YOUR BOSSA micromanaging boss leaves no stone unturned and will be the first to pounce on your mistakes before you even have a chance to rectify them. You will constantly feel the prying eyes of your boss on you and this can have a severe effect on your overall productive state.According to a study group from the Indiana University Kelley School of Business, the effects of stress on employees working in a high-stress environment can cause fatal results to their health in the long run.The research data factors in time pressure, controlling bosses, and a high degree of work concentration combined with a poor work-life balance as reasons for the highly unfavorable results.The study also proved that employees who had more freedom in their work endeavors enjoyed a healthy lifestyle and were far less prone to stress-triggers.A micromanaging boss constantly questioning you can cause a gaping hole in your self-esteem.This can hurt you on a personal level and you may slowly begin to build up stress within the inner sanctums of your mind.The stress then begins to increase day in and day out and you begin to look for unhealthy ways of releasing it by taking up smoking and heavy alcohol consumption in hopes of experiencing a temporary stream of bliss.See the big picture of how a micromanaging boss can completely ruin your life?Mark Kimbell from Kimbell Associates and Susan K. O’Brien from Career Management Systems offer their individual effective strategies in combating a micromanaging boss.Strategy 1 â€" Assertive CommunicationMark recommends assertive communication which is a diplomatic communication style that allows us to express our interests and thoughts in a respectful and a direct manner.This communication style favors a balanced approach instead of being too passive or too aggressive to get your point across.By being assertive you boost your chances of making your boss understand your point of view and allow him to judge your position better.Consider this example, your boss just handed you a large project that you are unable to handle due to you r limited skillset.By passively communicating, you end up taking the project that you are bound to perform poorly in and end up being criticized at the end of the deadline.Instead, the “assertive approach” is to truthfully confront your feelings to your boss and let him know about the flip side of your abilities.It’s alright to take the disappointment upfront but you will come across as an employee that stands for yourself and in the long run, your boss will appreciate your analytical skills.Strategy 2 â€" Contact the HR TeamSusan offers a more confrontational strategy compared to Mark’s assertive method. She strongly believes that “Micromanagement is a personality aberration of insecure individuals and confronting them is likely to make things worse.”To begin with, Susan recommends documenting every action and assignment that your boss throws at you.In time, a pattern is created where you begin to understand that the time frame given to you seems limited to the projectâ €™s expectations.You can then approach the HR department with your data and hope for a resolution. She does caution that the strategy is bound to backfire, and the HR team may side in favor of your boss.In such a case, Susan recommends approaching the employee assistance program to deal with the situation.While Mark offers a more diplomatic strategy to deal with a micromanaging boss, Susan strongly believes that there is a no-win situation when working for someone that controls your every move and that you need to strongly confront them about their behavior.     An in-depth analysis is further provided in the sections below on various ways to understand if your boss is indeed a micromanager and the distinct ways to deal with it.TELLTALE SIGNS THAT DEMONSTRATE YOUR BOSS IS A MICROMANAGERYour boss can’t seem to delegate projects around efficientlyAre your projects taking a long time to execute even after you’ve completed them?Blame it on your boss and her inefficiency in leading h er work team. A micromanager boss has more time in creating to-do lists for her employees rather than trusting them and letting them finish their projects.Micromanaging bosses hate giving up control to others and are unable to fully utilize their employees to their full potential.If your boss tends to incessantly dictate the way you should work without trusting your abilities, you may be dealing with a micromanager boss.Effective SolutionThe only real way to combat this situation is to be straightforward and schedule a private meeting with your boss.Explain your situation in detail and request them to trust you as you would prefer to work in your own way. If your boss still requires more convincing, show them the winning results from your past achievements and how you were able to accomplish a task on your own.With enough convincing, your boss should understand your point of view and leave you to your own.Here’s a video guide by LinkedIn Learning Solutions on how to survive a bad boss. Your boss can’t handle low-priority projectsDoes your boss hand over low-priority activities to your employees which she could have performed herself? She is certainly interested in supervising and finding faults in her employee’s shortcomings instead of providing them with the right support.A forceful boss is often ignorant to negotiating and will always interfere in the work of others, no matter how small.If your boss seems to be wasting everyone’s time and valuable resources by calling for unnecessary meetings and long discussions, you could be dealing with a micromanaging boss.Effective SolutionA boss that hands over all the low-priority tasks to the employees is certainly not someone you can have a direct communication with.Instead try winning the situation in your favor, demonstrate how the company is failing on important priorities with the help of statistical charts or presentations.Showcase how your boss can manage her employees better by diverting their actions from fewer priority tasks into more critical functions.Your boss is bound to wake up once she understands the real dangers of a failing company.Your boss never appreciates but is the first to find fault in your actionsBosses are meant to be decisive and hence, a few harsh words can be said along the way.However, if your boss constantly finds ways to bring your spirits down, it can be more than the project at hand. Bosses are meant to inspire and engage meaningful conversations, you may need to jump ship if you constantly find yourself under the barrage of verbal gunfire.Micromanaging bosses often fear losing control of their power and hence, tend to dish out instructions frequently to demonstrate superior command.One trait that appears to be universal among all micromanaging bosses is â€" the ability to never inspire others while always finding mistakes where there is none to be found.Effective SolutionIf you find your boss blaming you for things that you haven’t been intimated a bout, your best bet is to have a verbal conversation with them.Try pointing out your role and what you were employed for in the first place, describe your skillset and why the priorities you are tasked with don’t match with your job role. Offer advice on how they can effectively disperse large projects into micro goals for the whole team to make it convenient for everyone.Although micromanaging bosses tend to never seek advice from others, when you can demonstrate a reason for them to look favorable to their superiors, they are sure to jump at the chance.Your boss happens to be in a constant foul mood all the timeMicromanager bosses are usually an angry lot, their incapability in achieving the project deadline is passed down to the lower ranks.Due to their toxic relationship with the other employees, micromanaging bosses tend to have a bad attitude and end updamaging core responsibilities in the process.Notice visual cues as angry bosses tend to belittle others for even the smalle st oversight.Micromanaging bosses are usually a frustrated lot as they feel unrecognized by their employees. They often like being appreciated for things they haven’t done and prefer to be the center of all attention.Effective SolutionPassing a polite smile and offering to help with small tasks can often calm an angry demeanor.Overtime, if the behavior tends to become increasingly worse, its best to mention it to the HR team and let them handle the situation as they see fit.Don’t try to patronize or offer suggestions about anger management to your boss. You don’t want to make them madder than they already are.Angry bosses seldom seek advice from their employees and they certainly don’t appreciate any unnecessary opinions that come their way.A report by Richard D. White goes into detail as to why micromanaging is a crippling disorder that can ruin creativity and stall growth. He further prepares symptoms on the different areas that micromanagers are likely to exhibit. Such as â€"They monitor the good performing employees and the bad performing ones in the same contextMicromanagers have an insecure personality that often inhibits their ability to trust their peersMicromanagers tend to steal the credit for work they haven’t performedThey are obsessed with meaningless detailsMicromanagers tend to stretch themselves thin and take up too many projects they are unable to complete.Micromanagers have a complete lack of respect for their co-workers and tend to bottleneck the entire organization.4 WAYS TO EFFECTIVELY CONTROL YOUR MICROMANAGING BOSS1. Give them no reason to find fault with youBefore you accuse your boss of being a micromanager, it’s important to take a good long look at your own responsibilities and actions.If you find them lacking in any way, it’s time to pull up your socks and strengthen your efforts. If there is an email labeled “Urgent”, ensure you attend to it right away and create a to-do list on how to effectively complete the Tas k.Did you forget to tender your project before the deadline?Well, you are bound to be watched by your boss more keenly than before until you prove to them that you don’t deserve a second set of eyes observing your every move.Ensure you organize yourself at the earliest and leave no stone unturned for your boss to catch you slacking. Don’t doze off during your work times, and if you really need to nap then do so in a remote corner of the office where your boss is less likely to find you.Actions to ImplementEnsure you are punctual to the office alwaysComplete your projects well before their deadline. Give yourself a 2-day closing period prior to the deadline.Don’t involve in office banter needlessly in the office, your insecure boss is bound to think you are talking about themOffer to complete low-priority tasks before they hand it over to you. By completing tasks beforehand, you can reduce the overall workload you receive in the futureDress in a formal manner, you don’t want your micromanaging boss giving you a 1-hour banter on how the dress code works in the Company2. Never Confront â€" Instead Be RespectfulThe worst decision you can ever do is to confront your boss about their behavior.Remember, they haven’t got the slightest idea about their micromanaging condition. Revealing it can only make life hard for you and it may be time to resign if they begin to severely affect your work.If you’ve been caught in a less than comfortable position of being pounded by words, brace yourself to endure them and ensure you never repeat the mistake ever again.Take every step to commit yourself to be the employee your boss sees in you.Even if they are in the wrong, it’s important to take a step back and understand that you are in no position to argue or prove them wrong.The best step is to walk away with a positive mood and prove your worth by finishing the project before they have a chance to call on you.Actions to ImplementGreet your boss every morning and st ay in a positive moodLook enthusiastic and always ready to take on new challengesSmile politely when you meet them at different times of the dayOffer to rectify an issue if they’ve pointed it out. No matter how small it isDon’t argue when you are on the receiving end, simply acknowledge your mistake and be on your wayAllen Sklover shows us 6 ways on how to deal with a bully boss in this video walkthrough. 3. Always Keep Your Boss in the LoopMicromanaging bosses are always looking for constant updates.By regularly bringing your boss up to date with the current events, you can hope she never has a reason to call you to her chamber. Proactively update your boss on all the important emails and ensure you provide an outline of accomplished goals for the day.This is also the time to address your concerns and inquire doubts on the ongoing project, usually, the best time is during the start of the project.Your boss is frankly going to be annoyed if you were to ask a doubt two-weeks into the project.A quick email can do wonders instead of the necessary face-to-face meeting for every question you might have. Your boss can quickly glance at his email and answer the question in a few minutes of time.This also adds the advantage of not needing to face the bright red glowing eyes of your boss.Actions to ImplementEnsure you update your boss before they have a chance to follow-up with youFrequent reminders can be eliminated if you can quickly complete the project at handMaintain a close commitment to your boss while working on your project to ensure you demonstrate any irregularities on timeIf you don’t understand something, inquire about it at the start of the project. You don’t want to experience an explosive mouthful on the last day of the deadline4. Anticipate Your Boss’s Actions and Act on ItStay one step ahead of the game and perform the duties that are required of you before she has a chance to pick on you.The simple rule of the micromanaging game is â€" if y ou want to stay off their radar, you need to come through with the update before they ask for it.A great technique to stave off angry bosses is to send them the weekly reminders of anything important and critical within the company.This allows them to prioritize the tasks they are about to provide to the team and if they commit fewer mistakes, you get the benefit of enjoying a stress-free day.Since your boss likes to be in the driver’s seat, it’s your responsibility to let them feel in control while accomplishing the task without them needing to oversee the situation.If your boss receives the report well before the deadline, she is bound to ease up on her aggressive behavior and focus her anger on the less responsible employees in the company.Actions to ImplementPlan your steps before the boss has a chance to instruct youIncrease your trust factor by completing your work on time. This allows you to be the last person to be accounted for when a board meeting is called forCreate u pfront agreements and discuss your plan of action before you take up the projectUnderstand what motivates your boss and try to act on itBuild a trust factor with your bossCASE STUDY: WHY YOU SHOULD BE ATTENTIVE TO YOUR BOSS’S CONCERNSMarcy Berke used to work for an Insurance company in 2006, in the United States. Marcy’s boss’s boss was a woman named â€" Barbara. Efficiency was a critical component for Barbara and she enabled her work team to provide her with timely reports on the happenings of the company.Marcy understood this and spent a couple of minutes each day preparing a detailed report on the production figures and various tasks laid out for the day.Marcy recalls,“I  would make certain to email Barbara, early and often, with any questions I might have about what her expectations were and give her an outline of what my team was working on and the anticipated date of completion.” Marcy was fully aware of Barbara’s micromanagement nature and clearly stayed out of th e line of fire until any relevant information was to be provided and ended up working with the company for a period of 4 years. In this way, Marcy was able to endure her micromanaging boss and left the firm to start her own company and gained valuable knowledge in the process.The following case study demonstrates to us the key role of being progressive within a company by fulfilling our responsibilities before they are encountered.Marcy understood that “efficiency” was the key attribute to keeping Barbara happy and she ensured that there were no drawbacks in satisfying this key requirement. Marcy created regular updates and ensured she emailed her boss regularly to keep her well-informed and this brought her micromanaging boss under control.Similarly, it’s important to understand the main requirement of your boss when trying to keep them happy. If your boss spends more time in wanting commitment, then “commitment” is the single attribute that you need to focus on to help y ou tame the micromanaging boss.CONCLUSIONDuring your period of stay, reflect on your own responsibilities and understand that the work you do in the company is temporary. Any experience gained in handling a micromanaging boss is invaluable in the later stages of your life.If you’ve solved the problem of working with a micromanaging boss, you can do much better in all future career prospects and can single-handedly enjoy the responsibilities of a fulfilling career.Even a dreaded micromanaging boss can be transformed into a tame beast utilizing the right perspective. It’s important to practice patience to deal with angry situations that are beyond your control. By staying grounded and remembering your true goal, you can come out of this unscathed.

The Law of Contract Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Therefore, considerable importance is attached to exemption clauses by the courts6. No such prominent notice was given to Maggie, and the reverse of the ticket contained a direction to view the website of English Rail, for information regarding its rules. As such, the exclusion clause was not incorporated into the contract, prior to the completion of the contract. Hence it is invalid. In Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking, the court rejected the exclusion clause, and ruled that printing the exclusion clause on the reverse of the ticket constituted insufficient notice to customers7. Due to the gross negligence of English Rail’s staff, Maggie sustained injury to her ankle and her new coat was damaged. According to the Unfair Contract Terms Act, no contractual exclusion term can exclude liability or limit liability, in any manner, in cases involving negligence that resulted in injury or the death of an individual8. Consequently, English Rail will be liable for the loss or injury caused to Maggie, on account of their negligence. She can claim damages for her torn coat and sprained ankle. English Rail cannot rely on the exemption clause to avoid damages or responsibility for the loss caused to Maggie. Part Two At the offices of Boxes & Things, Maggie informed the proprietrix, Victoria that she required cake boxes of specific dimensions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Law of Contract or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Ancient Egyptian Slavery - 745 Words

Ancient Cultures Ancient Egyptian Slavery In ancient Egypt a slave was defined as person kept in servitude as property of a person or household. In Egyptian society you would keep your civil rights even though you were a slave. In Egypt it was the master’s duties to take care of the slaves and treat them right. Because it was part of the master’s duties at times slaves would have a higher status and better living than free people. In ancient Egypt there were different types of slaves and different was to become a slave. Person would become an indentured servant if he or she owed a debt. People also became indentured servant to escape poverty and to gain status. A person could also become a slave if he or she was convicted of a crime. The person in charge had the authority to give the punishment of forced labor, and people in forced labor did not get the same rights and privileges as other slaves. A person could also become slave through war. It was quite common in ancient culture the losing side’s warriors would become slaves for labor. Ancient Roman Slavery The ancient Roman society was heavily dependent on slavery. Slavery allowed the romans to build up their empire and economy. In the Roman Empire slaves did not have rights which differ from slavery in Ancient Egypt. The master of slaves in the Roman Empire had power over life or death. The master could kill his slave without warning or reason and would not receive any form of punishment. Even though slaves did notShow MoreRelatedOther Goat And Ram Gods1407 Words   |  6 PagesOther Goat/Ram Gods Among the various goat/ram Egyptian gods besides Pan and Amon/Amen, there occurs Khem/Khnum, Banebdjedet, Mendes, Bacchus, Set, Min, Horus, Ra, Osiris, that parallel goat presentations. Predominantly, these particular gods intertwine their relationship together due to their sexual standings. Due to Pan’s sexual perversions, predictably Egypt had claims of different places being â€Å"the only place of goat worship;† nevertheless, there are conspicuously numerous locations. MendesRead MoreSumerian vs. Egyptian Civilizations: Political Structure Religion Society and Culture820 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations in terms of political structure, religion, society, and culture. Account for the similarities and differences between them. Despite the fact that ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations grew up rather close together, both civilizations evolved in vastly different ways. The influence of geography cannot be underestimated. Although both civilizations were located in what is now the Middle East, ancient Sumerians lived in a constant stateRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Era1123 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egypt was a civilisation in North-eastern Africa. 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Ancient Israel had a long oral traditionRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Middle Kingdom And Ancient Egypt891 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the ancient Egyptians conservative nature and keeping to their core values, there were many changes within the infrastructure of their society during the middle kingdom. When Historians and scholars study the Old Kingdom, and the Middle Kingdom, One will notice that alterations to their religion, art, and architecture changed through both periods in history. Internal forces, as well as outside influences, shaped ancient Egyptian civilization. One would argue that the terms Old, middle andRead MoreJean Pierre Corteggiani From The French Institute Of Oriental Archeology962 Words   |  4 Pageswould be nothing without the water supplied by th e Nile river. Water was life at the time of the ancient Egyptian civilization. The source of life of this river comes from the mountains of Ethiopia, 2,000 kilometers from the Delta. 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Juvenile Offenders Are Not Charged With Crimes - 968 Words

Juvenile offenders are not charged with crimes; they are charged with delinquent acts. To determine whether or not a juvenile should be charged as an adult would be dependent upon what the juvenile was charged with (NCJRS Abstract- National Criminal Justice Reference Service,† n.d.). Juveniles who commit violent offenses to the extent that it labels the juvenile themselves as violent, should be charged as an adult. These types of offenses would include rape, murder, or any aggravated crimes where serious bodily injury or death occurred. Any offenses committed by a juvenile where a weapon was used would be another instance where they may need to be tried as an adult. In certain cases, there are two different types of crimes and acts. These are called â€Å"crimes† and â€Å"delinquent acts†. A crime is any action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law. Some examples of these would be, nonviolent, proper ty crimes, embezzlement, fraud and bribery to list a few. Delinquent acts, however are committed by a juvenile for which an adult could be prosecuted in a criminal court, but when committed by a juvenile is within the jurisdiction of the court (Listenbea, 2016). These two are very different but very similar all at the same time. Being knowledgeable of the two can affect how and adult or juvenile are charged in certain cases. Most juvenile delinquents in the United States are typically under the age of 17Show MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate For Juvenile Crime1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe way the courts deal with juvenile delinquents varies depending on the country. Even the age of criminal responsibility is different depending on the country. Most people think when you become 18 you are no longer a minor and can be charged as an adult, well in Japan until you are 20 you can still be charged as a minor. In germany they consider 21 a legal adult .On the other hand when you become 17 in Australia you are charged as an adult. They way they treat juveniles in prison also differs. TheRead MoreThe Main Aim Of Eradicating Criminal From The Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Crimes The main aim of eradicating criminal from the society is to enhance peaceful coexistence among people and to aid development. In this regard, individuals who fail to fit in this setting should be eradicated regardless of their age and made responsible for their actions. Releasing murderers, rapists, and other criminals from jail after serving a lenient and short sentence does not rehabilitate them in any way. 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Some experts believe some offender should be tried as adults , others believe no juvenile offenders should be tried as adults and some even think all should be tried as adults. My opinion Juvenile criminals the way all offenders should be tried. According to Mr. Steve Smith 40% of inmates in prison are juveniles and he also says 150,000 prisonersRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System860 Words   |  4 PagesOnce youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. 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This criminal act may be punished by many different means, designed specifically to deal with those who are under the statutory age of majority, which is the threshold of adulthood in law. However, many people argue that the severity of the juvenile prosecution system isnt high enough to order proper punishment. Therefore, juvenile offenders should be tried under adult laws.Read MoreThe Delinquency Is A Symptom Of A Deep Disturbance Of Personality1658 Words   |  7 Pagesrehabilitation: psychotherapy, drug therapy, individualized institutional, etc. Young offenders are not monsters. They are people like many others, who had never committed any criminal act. When the offender is an adolescent or child, a disturbing dissonance between the seriousness of the violation of law and the idea that it is generally the nature of the child or adolescent arises. The adolescent who commits a crime rarely is so d eficient in his decision-making capacity that he cannot comprehend theRead MoreThe Juvenile Court : An Adult Offender991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Juvenile Court was established in 1899, under the Juvenile Court Act. The Act was established under three principles; children at a certain age are too young to be held accountable for their actions, they are not mentally competent, and they are more likely to be rehabilitated than an adult offender. However, in the past years juvenile are committing more violent crimes that suggest they should be tried in criminal courts rather than juvenile courts. It is my belief that if a child under theRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Charged As Adults?956 Words   |  4 Pages Should Juveniles Be Charged As Adults? Juveniles are being charged as adults more regularly, being housed in adult prisons and the judicial system is using this as a type of reform. There are multiple reasons that this type of reform has become more acceptable and why some believe it depends on the charge to whether the child committing the crime should be charged as an adult, as well as why housing minors whom charged as adults should not be housed in adult facilities

Critical Success Factors in Knowledge Management

Questions: 1. List the knowledge management initiatives adopted by HP? 2. Explain the impact of adopting knowledge management practices on HPs success? 3. The case study indicated that HP has used Lotus notes as a technology vehicle to establish different knowledge bases. Conduct a brief search about Lotus notes and explain how it is useful in establishing a knowledge base. What is the importance of having a knowledge base in knowledge management? 4. Why do you think the Training Review never took off? What could have Karney done in order to make it work? 5. What are the incentives that Karney used to promote the knowledge bases? What was the effect of those incentives? 6. Karney declared that there is a risk with the knowledge base. What was it and how did he propose to overcome it? 7. Why do you think the knowledge management with PPO customers initiative did not succeed? 8. The PPO knowledge management group is currently working on three projects. List these 3 projects, predict some risks that would face the implementation of these projects and how to overcome them from a knowledge management perspective.Guidelines: Answers: 1. Trainers trading post is a community forum based on lotus notes. In this forum, people share their knowledge, ideas, materials, ask queries and seek expert view on their approach and much more (Davenport, 1998). Initially, people were reluctant to share their posts and knowledge on the forum but after a lot of incentives in form of free license for notes, airlines miles, and number of posts as well as participation went up. After sometime, it was find that although people are participating but that permanently requires an evangelist to encourage and motivate them constantly. Connex is a short term defined for connection to experts. It is a detailed directory of HP experts that contains the profiles of the people along with their education information, their expertise detail, their background and achievements (Davenport, 1998). Thus, this forum makes it very easy to find the resource who is expert in a area. HP network news is simply a set of frequently asked questions, most popular products and frequently encountered problems which is available to download on its site for dealers (Davenport, 1998). As company is expanding, its technical support executives are constantly bombarded with increasing calls from dealers about the queries. By taking this initiative, there is a huge drop in the calls from dealer. 2. Knowledge management practices are very important for the success of any organization. It is because as the organization grows and more and more, it continuously needs more people with good skills and knowledge. Thus, knowledge management initiatives are very important for any organizations that focus on sharing the knowledge within the enterprise and preparation the future leaders. At HP, initiatives like Connex help people to connect with each other during challenges and get expert opinions in it. HP network news is a huge success as it has drastically reduced the calls received by technical support department by dealers. It makes dealers experts themselves by sharing knowledge with them (Lai, Chu, 2002). There are community forums where people can share knowledge, materials, and methods and thus it reduces the time to solve the problems. Also, HP is a decentralized company and all the business units have adopted knowledge management practices within their group however relucta nt to share their knowledge across group. All these knowledge management initiatives has made HP a very successful company today. 3. Lotus notes is an application suite designed by the IBM. Under this suite, there are many applications like email, calendar, database, web server, and programming. Most people think lotus notes as an email system but it is much more than that. It also has suite of products similar to what Microsoft offers i.e. outlook, access, SharePoint (Kamunya, Waweru, 2013). As the internet is evolving few years back and there is a growing need to exchange information, codes, procedures, reusable designs, best practices, manuals which created a new jargon Web content management (Barros, Ramos, Perez, 2015). During the same time, IBM lotus notes further popularize the term knowledge management which is sharing of knowledge by storing it in a base where anyone can access it whenever they need it. Lotus notes is very helpful in establishing a knowledge base as it provides all the tools that are required for a knowledge base. It also provides sample templates to configure and running up the knowledge base completely (Song, 2016). It comes with easy set of instructions that helps to configure the product, assigning responsibilities to different people based on their roles and get started for everyone. 4. Training review was one of the knowledge bases out of three started by Karney. It was a failure from the beginning and eventually has to merge with Training library which was another base started by Karney. The main reason for the failure was that people were not comfortable to share their opinion online about the content of the course, usefulness of the course, knowledge of the instructor, ability of the instructor to explain etc . And anything that does not collect and inculcate the honest feedback from the users will be doomed to failure and same happened with the training review (Fernandez, Stevenson, Martin, 2001). Karney could have given the incentives for participating and sharing the opinion about the course and instructor. This could have encouraged people to share their opinion online. Other thing Karney could have done is that he should allow the people to share their opinions anonymously. With this approach, he would have access to honest feedback from the people and can directly work with the educators and instructors to improve the content of the course. Keeping their identity secret in the training review program will also give people the confidence to share their opinion honestly. 5. Karney has adopted innovative ways to encourage people to participate in the knowledge bases by reading posts, submitting posts and comments. He had given the free notes license to promising users. He also gives the 3,000 airline miles free for the initial 50 readers and then another 500-airline mile for those who submits a post. Thus, by early 1996, statistics were very impressive showing that decent number of identified educators have read at least one post as well as submitted a post and comments. Karney has thought that incentives will help the people to get started on the forum and once they start, they will automatically be interested to participate and continue of their own. However, that did not happen. As the incentives are reducing, fresh contributions also start declining. Karney was continuously working to keep people motivated. Incentives helps to keep the people motivated only for a brief period. Once incentives are gone, people interest to participate was also going down. Karney realized the importance of Evangelist continuously to keep the people motivated continuously to make fresh contributions on the form (Bouthillier, Shearer, 2002). 6. Having a knowledge base is very important in knowledge management otherwise different people will ask same questions and thus multiple thread on same question/issue will only create a confusion. Thus, it is always advisable to have a knowledge base that will have frequently asked questions, common queries. People can search the knowledge base and if they are not able to find anything, they can post their query on the forum. Poor participation of the people in accessing the content as well as in submitting the new post and comments was the biggest risk with the knowledge base. Karney has given the incentives initially to get people started and picks up the momentum. However, as soon as the incentives were reducing, statistics shows that people participations also reduced. Fresh contributions are still coming but not at a speed at which they were coming during incentives. Karney proposes to have a permanent evangelist who can keep continuously engaged the people and keep them motivated to access the content and submit new posts. 7. HPs PPO group is a very big group that includes functions such as Procurement, Quality, Safety and environmental, organizational change, product marketing. Due to so much diversity, PPO customers are also quite diverse and their knowledge and learning needs are quite different from each other. Thus, PPO group lacks focus and difference in requirements of various groups. This is one of the most important reason for the failure of knowledge management initiatives with PPO customers (Holsapple, 2013). This knowledge management project with PPO customers has not clearly defined the scope (Akhavan, Zahedi, 2014) and thus, the task of summarizing knowledge of experts by means on interviews looks highly ambitious and the information system was also never built. One of the other reason could be HP calls its a failure very soon. Probably, if they would have spent more time in analyzing and implementing the system, it would have been successful (Hasan, Zhou, 2015). Thus, Company must ensure that such knowledge will be captured in the knowledge management and if new people, they can easily be brought up to the speed with the help of knowledge base (Beaven, 2015). 8. The PPO management group at HP is working currently on the 3 projects which are as follows: Obtaining competitor information for HPs component group: This group is about obtaining the information about the competitors, their key strengths and weaknesses. The most important risk here is that some people have in depth knowledge about competitors and in case, they quit the company, it poses a risk for HP as the knowledge will be lost along with the resource. Web based interface for research: This project will capture the primary and secondary research information and makes them available for the people in web pages. The risk could be that people who are involve in the research would feel reluctant to share their insights and thus the results of the primary research. In order to motivate them, appropriate incentives should be given. International marketing intelligence: It is a widespread fact in HP that its knowledge about the markets, customers and its product is the biggest competitive advantage. And thus, it is very much important that this information should be shared in a structured way and this is the goal of this project because no organizations wants that their key competencies are highly dependent on people. References Akhavan, P., Zahedi, M. R. (2014). Critical success factors in knowledge management among project-based organizations: A multi-case analysis. IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(1), 20. Barros, V. F. D. A., Ramos, I., Perez, G. (2015). Information systems and organizational memory: a literature review. JISTEM-Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 12(1), 45-63. Beaven, D. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,202,202. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Becerra-Fernandez, D., Stevenson, D., Martin, J. (2001). Knowledge management systems solutions for the school principal as Chief Learning Officer. Education, 121(3). Bouthillier, F., Shearer, K. (2002). Understanding knowledge management and information management: the need for an empirical perspective. Information research, 8(1), 8-1. Davenport, T. H. (1998). If only HP knew what HP knows.. Perspectives on Business Innovation, 1(1), 20-25. Hasan, M., Zhou, S. N. (2015). Knowledge Management in Global Organisations. International Business Research, 8(6), 165. Holsapple, C. (Ed.). (2013). Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters (Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Kamunya, S., Waweru, M. (2013, May). Utilization of knowledge management tools in software development. In IST-Africa Conference and Exhibition (IST-Africa), 2013 (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Lai, H., Chu, T. H. (2002). Knowledge management: a review of industrial cases. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42(5), 26-39. Song, J. (2016). 6 Knowledge and the Multinational Enterprise. International Business: Emerging Issues and Emerging Markets, 102.

Ethnicity and Health

Introduction A growing body of literature has pointed out that race, ethnicity and gender are characterized by strong social dimensions which greatly implicate on the health of individuals. It has been discovered that the underlying mechanisms within these ethnicities have profound influence not just on the access to primary, secondary and tertiary health care but also policies and general practices that affect the groups.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethnicity and Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Practices and beliefs by the ethnicities could be attributed to some of the greatest variability in diseases. Dindyal and Dindyal (2004) define an ethnicity as â€Å"a social group, which shares certain distinctive features, such as language, culture, physical appearance, religion, values and customs† (p. 1). In the United Kingdom, the whole population is made up of 92% whites. This includes ot her whites who are significant but non British like the Irish. Asians and Asian Britons account for 4% of Britain population while blacks and black Britons account for a further 2%. Britons of mixed descent account for 1.5% of the whole population. Although the percentages might look negligible, the total population represented by them could be extremely large. Considering that the government has, as its objective, the idea of ensuring that there is equity in health care access and provision, it is necessary that the underlying social mechanisms are understood in order to avoid some retrogressive practices that would lead to inequality. In order to come up with proper policies, it is important to ascertain whether ethnicity plays a role in inequality of health care access. Review of the Literature The Parliament Office of Science and Technology (2003) clearly argues that there is a great disparity of health and health care between ethnicities. In their report, it was identified that South Asians living in the United Kingdom had a 50% chance of suffering from heart attack and angina. On the other hand, men from the Caribbean origin in the United Kingdom run the highest risk of 50% of dying from stroke. In their report, it was ascertained that blacks and minorities had comparatively small chances of dying from cancer as compared to the white majority. According to the report, immigrant women from Asia in the United Kingdom ran a comparatively lower risk of suffering from breast cancer as compared women born and brought up in the United Kingdom. The trend in lower cases of cancer in minority groups as compared to white Britons was attributed to less smoking. The highest deaths that resulted from lung cancer were established to be from Scots and the Irish who are also found out to be great smokers. The lifestyle of women in the United Kingdom was also attributed to women’s death from breast cancer. Immigrant women had less chances of suffering from breast c ancer because they take some time to adapt to Britain lifestyle. This was consistent with Wells and Evans (2003) and Ku and Waidmann (2003) findings.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Adamson (2009) argues that socio economic factors contribute to inequality of health and health care. He argues that the lower the position on the economic ladder an individual is, the higher the chances of poor health. Unfortunately, most of the ethnic minorities tend to have the lowest incomes in the United Kingdom. This means that ethnic minorities are likely to suffer and die from diseases that they would easily control (Kuo 2001). In a study carried out on the immediacy of need for health care concerning chest pain and vignettes, it was found out that black respondents were very likely to seek for immediate health care seeking to get assistance for vignettes. On the other hand, the Br itish whites were the most unlikely to seek for this help. The result seemed consistent in several cases. This position is echoed by Lorant and Bhopal (2011) and Zimmermann, Wendy and Fix (1998) who also argue that socio economic disadvantage could lead to inability to get regular visits by the doctor. Furthermore, it would lead to inability to use the clinics regularly and the inability to purchase proper prescribed drugs. This therefore indicated that there is a clear disparity within ethnic groups. This assertion is also echoed by Fiscella, Franks, Doescher and Saver (2002) Health insurance plays an important role in ensuring access to primary, secondary and tertiary health care. Inability or unwillingness to get insured would therefore lead to disparities in health and health care. Ku and Waidmann (2003) and Mai, Cummings McIntyre (2004) argue that most of the ethnic minorities account for the highest percentages of uninsured people in several countries. As argued above, socio e conomic factors contribute to inequality of health. This is where insurance comes to question. With poverty and lack of money, it is clear that raising money for the expensive insurance could be a problem for most of the ethnic minorities. This also explains why less white Britons would die from diseases that are curable. They have enough money to seek for care from good providers. Similarly, Adamson (2003) and American Academy of Pediatrics (2000) support the same findings. Discrimination and stereotyping are also factors that lead to inequality in health and healthcare. According to Lorant and Bhopal (2011), acts of discrimination and stereotyping could subject a group of people to a low social economic status. This can also be as a result of strongly held values that tend to demean and prejudice certain ethnicities. Dealing with a case using a block approach as opposed to individuals leads to poor health for minorities. For instance, just believing that cancer is a disease for th e Irish and Scots might lead to misdiagnosis. Every individual needs to be examined as an individual (Collins, Hall and Neuhaus 1999; Ku and Matani. 2001).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethnicity and Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Power, Davis, Plant and Kjellstrom (2009) in their report on deprivation and ill health highlight a clear fact that people living in deprived environments are most likely to have poor health. Given that several studies have pointed out the fact that minority ethnicities tend to rank lowest on the economic ladder, it then suffices to argue that they account for the highest population living in dejected and overpopulated regions in the cities in the Britain. Considering the arguments by Power et al (2009), â€Å"Living in deprived urban areas increases the risk of poor health outcomes even after controlling for individual characteristics† (p. 20), it suffices t o argue that even when other factors are controlled, dilapidated housing and overcrowding in their own rights are able to lead to poor health. For instance, their study pointed out to the fact that men living in poverty stricken neighborhoods had a 6.8% lower life expectancy as compared to the average in the United Kingdom. On the other hand, women from similar environs had 5% lower life expectance as compared to the overall rate of Britain. In contrast, men from high economy areas stand a high likelihood of living 4% more than the national average. Women in similar regions live run a likelihood of living 3% more than the average national life expectancy rate (Shaw, Smith Dorling 2005; Popkin and Cove 2007). Propositions Given the purpose of this study, it is necessary to answer certain questions in order to ensure that one attains the objective. In order to succeed, one would have to understand several factors. Is there a clear relationship between ethnicities and health? This que stion is necessary because consistent differences between ethnicities will ascertain whether there are significant effects of ethnicity on health and health outcomes of an individual. My proposition here is that ethnicity has certain social dimensions that affect greatly the health of individuals in Great Britain. Given that there are substantial differences in health and health care between ethnicities, it is necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms and dimensions that lead to these differences. In this line, one question arises, what exactly are the social mechanisms within the minorities that lead to the identified disparity? This is a necessary question because by understanding the social dimensions, the causes of the differences will clearly be established. My proposition here is that factors like socio economic status, geographical location, deprivation of all kinds, ability to get an insurance and discrimination and stereotyping among others are factors that greatly co ntribute to differences in health and health outcomes. There are some factors that would act to disadvantage some ethnicities. Their effects are hence great and could alter the results of a study. This leads to the question, if all the other factors are removed, can ethnicity as a single factor still exhibit similar results?Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These factors that expect to be put constant here are education, government policies, et cetera. The proposition here is that even when other factors like education and some government policies are constant, some typical ethnicity social dimensions would still lead to disparities in health and health outcomes. Finally, it is important to understand the role of government policies in health outcomes of individuals. This leads to the question, have government policies played any role in pushing the minorities further into misery as pertains to health? While this might not be a characteristic of health disparity from the ethnicities themselves, the effect on them is great. The hypothesis on this question is that certain government policies could assist to bridge the disparity or widen it further. Expected Outcomes As its hypothesis, this paper seeks to argue that ethnicities have varying levels of health and health care. Due to their characteristic outfit, certain ethnicities tend to h ave better health as compared to others. Whites in the United Kingdom tend to fair better in health issues as compared to ethnic minorities like the blacks and Asians. The disparity is as a result of the ethnic group’s level on the economic status ladder, discrimination caused by stereotyping, natural habits of the ethnicity i.e. smoking and excessive drinking, geographical regions of settlement of these ethnicities, nationality status i.e. native or immigrant et cetera. There are some factors that can be removed from the equation. However, some factors are typical of most of the ethnicities. For instance, language as a barrier to communication cannot be removed from the equation. It is clear that most immigrants are forced to struggle against the hurdles of communication in order to attain health. This means that removing other factors but maintaining the real characteristics of an ethnicity could still lead to the same results. Finally, it is clear that certain government p olicies push ethnicities further into poor health. For instance, failure of the government to address the issue of insurance and medical cover can lead to problems to minority ethnicities. Research Design The methodology of this research will entail the use of several ethnic groups as independent variables. There will be the whites of United Kingdom descent, the blacks from Britain, the Asians from Britain and the immigrants. In order to understand whether there is a relationship between ethnicities and health, different ethnicities will be analyzed based on a given area of health. For instance, routine check ups would be the point of comparison. As a result, the ethnicities will be the variables to be manipulated. This will be labeled t1= whites, t2= Asians of British descent t3= blacks of UK descent and t4= immigrants. Other variables will include government policies. The non-constant variables will be tested under certain government policies and also after removal of those polici es to see whether the results remain constant. Indicators of health will be the number of times that a respondent has had to be hospitalized due to any serious illness. This will be a good start in determining disparities in health and health care. To determine this, the respondents will have to respond to the question, how many times have you visited the doctor as a result of serious illness in the last twelve months? The responses will be coded 0 = less than five times, 1 = 510, 2 = 10. Another indicator of good health will be availability of health insurance. The measures of health insurance will be 1) having a private insurance, 2) depending on government programs and 3) having none at all. To identify whether a respondent has an insurance cover or not the responses will be coded as 0 = yes and 1 = No. For those who will have one, they will have to respond on the type of insurance that they have. The responses will be coded using 0 = private and 1 = government program. To get da ta from this sample, the study will employ the use of interviews and questionnaires. Respondents will be asked to respond to a set of questions that would aim towards ensuring that the research purpose is arrived at. The interviews will be carried out from the respondents’ offices. In addition, some will be carried out on the phone and through emails. In data analysis, the Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) will be used. This system of data analysis is favorable for this study because it involves more than two dependent variables that are to be assessed against the various dependent variables. This data analysis system is best fit for studies that are aimed at ascertaining whether alterations in the independent variables have significant changes to the dependent variables. It is also the most advisable method if the study intends to identify the relationship between the dependent variables and also the relationship among the independent variables. Limitations Like any other research, this one is also bound to have its limitations. The main limitation of this study will be ascertaining whether the identified factors and mechanisms within the ethnic groups were really the main causes of the disparity in health outcomes. For instance, a study carried earlier in Europe to identify whether socio economic status among minority ethnicities had effects on their health. However, it was not clear because the effect of socio economic status was found to have no effect on inequality of health in Spain. In addition, different ethnic groups under similar socio economic status tend to exhibit differences in the level of disparity. Therefore, it will be difficult to separate ethnicity and some factors like socio economic status. The relationship between the three will be tricky to separate and analyze. Significance of the Study It is clear that every country in the world has been trying hard to ensure equality in health and health care. This is also a goal of t he United Nations. By understanding the social mechanisms within an ethnicity and how these affect the health of an individual, it will be easy for the policy makers to come up with practical and functional policies that will assist the governments attain their goal of equal health for their citizens. In this case, the United Kingdom will have the opportunity to develop good policies that will assist them ensure that every citizen in Britain has access to proper health. References Adamson, Joy. 2003. â€Å"Ethnicity, socio-economic position and gender—do they affect reported health—care seeking behavior?† Social Science Medicine 57: 895. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2000. â€Å"Race/Ethnicity, Gender, Socioeconomic Status Research Exploring Their Effects on Child Health: A Subject Review.† Pediatrics 106: 1349-1351. Collins, Karen, Allison Hall, and Charlotte Neuhaus. 1999. U.S. Minority Health: A Chartbook, New York: Commonwealth Fund. Dindyal, Shiva and Dindyal, Sanjay. 2004. â€Å"How Personal Factors Including Culture and Ethnicity, affect the Choices and Selection of Food we Make.† The Internet Journal of Third World Medicine 1: 1-5. Fiscella, Kevin, Peter Franks, Mark Doescher, and Barry Saver. 2002. â€Å"Disparities in Health Care by Race, Ethnicity and Language among the Insured: Findings from a National Sample.† Medical Care 40(1): 52-9. Ku, Leighton and Sheetal Matani. 2001. â€Å"Left Out: Immigrants’ Access to Health Care and Insurance.† Health Affairs 20(1): 247-56. Ku, Leighton and Waidmann, Timothy. 2003. How Race/Ethnicity, Immigration Status and Language Affect Health Insurance Coverage, Access to Care and Quality of Care among the Low income Population. The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the uninsured. Web. Kuo, Frances. 2001. â€Å"Coping with poverty: impacts of environment and attention in the inner city.† Environment and Behaviour 33: 5-34. Lorant, Vincent and Bhopal, Raj. 2010. â€Å"Ethnicity, socio-economic status and health research: insights from and implications of Charles Tilly’s theory of Durable Inequality.† Journal of Epidemiol Community Health 7: 1-5. Parliamentary Office of Science and technology. 2009. Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England post-2010 Task Group 4. The Built Environment and Health Inequalities. Final Report 12 June 2009. Popkin, Susan Cove, Elizabeth. 2007. Safety is the most important thing. How HOPE VI Helped Families. Washington DC: Urban Institute. Shaw, Mary, Davey Smith Danny Dorling. 2005. â€Å"Health inequalities and New Labor: how the promises compare with real progress† Business Management Journal  330: 1016-1021. Stafford, Mai, Steven Cummings Sally Macintyre. 2004. Gender differences in the association between health and neighborhood environment.† Social Science Medicine 60: 1681-1692. Timperio, Anna, David Crawford, Amanda Telford Jo Salmon. 2003. â€Å"Perc eptions about the local neighbourhood and walking and cycling among children.† Preventative Medicine 38: 39-47. Wells, Nancy and Gary Evans. 2003. Nearby Nature; A buffer of life stress among Rural Children. Environment and Behaviour 35(3): 311-330. Zimmermann, Wendy. and Michael Fix. 1998. Declining Immigrant Applications for Medi-Cal and Welfare Benefits in Los Angeles County. Los Angeles: Urban Institute. This research paper on Ethnicity and Health was written and submitted by user Gemma Bell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nicaragua

During the second half of the 20th century, Nicaragua saw more than its fair share of guerilla movements, of both the Left and Right. Extreme conditions (dictatorship, vicious poverty, foreign intervention) often produced extreme solutions. And women were active participants in the search for solutions in Nicaragua. In the case of the Sandinista guerilla movement of the 1960s and 1970s that would eventually topple the Somoza dictatorship, the role of women is well known. During the course of the Somoza regime, Nicaragua was characterized by a progressively more unequal distribution of resources as peasants were pushed off their land to make room for agro-export production. So many poor farmers were pushed off their land that by 1978, shortly before the overthrow of Somoza, more than three quarters of the economically active population engaged in agriculture could be classified as landless and/or poor (Mason 68). This had the effect of putting downward pressure on wages, especially as the main cash crops (cotton and coffee) were not very labor intensive, except during harvest. Many who had formerly been middle class peasants found that they had become poor peasants, forced to compete for jobs on the plantations of large landowners. A fixed demand for workers combined with a rising supply meant that wages were dropping but food prices were rising, creating an end to the countrys self-sufficiency in food (Enriquez 62). But despite the growi! ng misery of the majority, in macroeconomic terms Nicaragua was a success story. One of the most sustained runs of capitalist growth in the entire postwar period generated some of the periods most widespread and brutal impoverishment. In other words, it was not the failure of capitalist development that provided the economic ingredient for revolution-it was its success (Enriquez 79). Individual women responded to the structural crisis in various ways. One way...

Whirlpool Credit Scandal Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Whirlpool Credit Scandal - Term Paper Example The financial arrangement was very profitable since the firm was earning an interest rate income of 18% to 22%. The â€Å"open end† notes worked like credit cards that are used for a single purchase. The company during the 1990s expanded its business to include the sale of dish antennas. At the time this was a unique opportunity by targeting homes in rural areas that did not have access to cable television. These dish contracts were the focus of controversy. The company claims that the problems were a misunderstanding, but in reality it seemed that the actions of the salesmen of the company were calculated and were performed intentionally to mislead the customers. The root of the controversy was based on the customer’s claim that the salesmen told them that the dish antennas were financed on the three year basis, when in reality the company was offering a financing term of five years. The no money down financing offer that the company offered to finance the acquisition of antennas was an initiative that served a social purpose. It helped a lot of poor and lower middle class citizens in rural regions improve their quality of life. Satellite television provided access to hundreds of channels. Rich people could acquire the Dish antennas by paying cash because the $1124 cost was insignificant to them. The problem with these contracts was that they were deceiving customers by hiding the fact that accumulated interest would increase the contract length to five instead of three years. The end result of the Dish antenna contract was that it hurt the economic well being of poor people by keeping them in debt for an extended period of time. One of the lessons to be learned from this case study is that people should carefully read the terms of the written contracts instead of trusting the word of deceptive salesmen. The economic benefit of the case was that the Whirlpool National Financial Bank created a financial tool that allowed poor people and persons wi th bad credit access to expensive Dish satellite equipment. The purpose of the â€Å"open end† notes was to facilitate the acquisition of satellite television to American citizens of all social classes. The salesmen of the company entered into unethical behavior when they misled buyers into thinking that the Dish equipment debt would be liquidated in a term of three years. The controversy with the financing became a legal matter. The customers were within their right to seek legal action because they entered into financing contracts under false premises. The executive management team of Whirlpool realized that the company was facing a major legal problem. Lawsuits are an undesirable outcome for companies due to the financial costs associated with the legal process and because the news of a pending lawsuit against a company hurts the corporate image of a firm (Referenceforbusiness, 2012). The out of court settlement that Whirlpool signed to resolve the conflict is the first st ep towards fixing the situation. The firm must now take corrective actions to ensure the problem does not continue to occur. An alternative solution for the company is to restructure its credit offering to eliminate the clause that converted the contract into a five year term. It is not reasonable to charge a customer for five years to acquire a consumer good in the technological industry. The firm should limit its financing terms to a maximum of two years. A way to ensure that the company can keep the monthly payments low for the customers is by lowering the acquisition cost of the Dish antennas. There is more money to be made in the servicing contracts than in sales of equipment. A second solution that should be implemented in conjunction with the first solution identified is to start a new

SQL Training Course Experience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SQL Training Course Experience - Research Paper Example However, the primary difference between all these SQL training alternatives is the quality of education and price tag (SQLCourse, 2011). Recently I got experience of attending tutorial of SQL Course named â€Å"Interactive Online SQL Training for Beginners†. I got an amazing experience of learning through this course. I got a lot of knowledge and experience through this course. The feature of any course is the ease and quality of knowledge that course can offer. In this scenario SQL Course has offered all aspects of ease and learning to me. This SQL Course has offered the way to learn SQL language through simple interpretation of knowledge areas. This course has also offered a deep and detailed knowledge and explanation of terms. For me it was really amazing experience to attend such course in my life. In addition, every SQL training course option has its own advantages and issues. For instance, the trainer led courses have the benefit of real time communication with the teach er and hands-on SQL training. Alternatively they are extremely costly and not everyone will be willing to spend thousands of dollars in learning structured query language. Additionally, if someone can improve their business to pay for similar SQL course, do not miss the chance. However, the course we have attended was extremely easy and less costly. This has offered us an opportunity to learn how to manage a database in a better way. This course has also helped us improve our previous concepts, knowledge and skills (SQLCourse, 2011). Moreover, this exclusive preliminary SQL tutorial not simply offered us easy-to-understand SQL statements and instructions; however it allowed us to complete practical assignments of what we learned from SQL interpreter. We have received instant outcomes following submitting our SQL commands. This course has taught us how to create tables and apply the commands of insert, select, delete, update and drop into the tables. This SQL course at present suppor ts a division of ANSI SQL. The fundamentals of every SQL command will be enclosed in this course. In this way we have gained a deep and comprehensive overview of all the knowledge areas and expertise. This course has made us believe that we can be able to get a great deal of SQL expertise in small time period. I hope in future this course will improve and enhance our professional skill and capabilities for the potential improvements of our business and personal life. I say good lock to all my fellows in this course and have a nice and blessing future (SQLCourse, 2011). References SQLCourse. (2011). Welcome to SQLCourse.com! Retrieved September 10, 2011, from http://www.sqlcourse.com/intro.html Paper 2 Because of growing globalization, companies are managing worldwide supply chains through information technology. Information technologies (especially internet) have initiated new marketplace prospects. Additionally, the needs for improved efficiency and growing costs force from worldwi de competition have initiated just-in-time production and assembly. In addition, the business areas of trucking industry, that move over three quarters of the nation’s freight, has had to become accustomed to accomplish the demands to travel freight consistently, on time and with superior visibility. In this scenario, the information techn

Colour Perception in Skin Disease Diagnosis

Colour Perception in Skin Disease Diagnosis Color Perception Dermatologist’s perspective Abstract: Light and color are two important tools for the dermatologist in diagnosing skin diseases. Many articles have focused on the importance of light and illumination but there are only scanty literature about the importance of color perception. The definitions of color, color spaces and their types, assessment of color and its applications, recent advances in human color vision is reviewed. Key words: Color, colorspace, RGB, CIE L*a*b*, Spectrophotometry, Colorimetry Color perception is due to the evoked neural responses in the eye and visual cortex because of light stimulus. Colors differ from each other in wavelength, intensity, and saturation. The importance of color in plants ranges from attracting insects for pollination to production of bright colored fruits for seed dispersal. Color pigments are present in many animal species and has evolutionary importance for searching food, escaping from predators etc. Human skin color is linked with evolution and is changing according to the environment where humans live. Color science has various implications in telemedicine,dentistry,biometrics,anthropology, cosmetics,textiles , artificial intelligence, etc . Color of the human skin, mucosa, nails plays an important part in the social communication ,diagnosis and treatment of dermatological disorders. Dermatologists need to know about the biophysics of skin, eye ,color spaces , illumination sources to understand about perception of color . All visible colors to human eye can be produced by some combination of the three primary colors, either by additive or subtractive processes. Human color perception is most sensitive to light in the yellow-green region of the spectrum. We have three types of cone receptors for the long(L),medium(M),short (S) wavelengths. The balance of neural activity in these three receptors accounts for the millions of color shades. This is utilized by the Bayer array in modern digital cameras. The number of L, M, S color sensitive cones in the human retina differs among people by up to forty times. Human perception of color is controlled much more by the brain than by the eyes. Color vision has distributed processing in the cortex, with a number of brain zones being involved in processing wavelength data and creating color sense . Cone receptors in the human eye lose their color sensitivity with age, but subjective experience of color remains same over the years. The perception of color is flexibl e and relies on biological processes in the brain and eye. Phenotyping based on skin color has been attempted by many researchers the well known one is Fitzpatrick’s I to VI skin types.Though there are some drawbacks in this classification this is useful in a variety of ways treating diseases with phototherapy, in predicting the post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, for making skin colored prostheses , skin grafting etc. Human skin color can also be classified by visual color matching using the Munsell charts. But visual clinical methods of skin color evaluation for diagnostic purposes are so far mostly subjective and inaccurate. Many studies quantitate the skin color based on the spectrophotometry or tricolorimetry measurements which gives the absolute values of the color. The spectral reflectance provides a lot of biological and medical information about skin and mucosa. In case of non availability of these equipments digital cameras and software has been employed to compare and quantitate human color taken under standard conditions. Analysis of color data has to be done by a conceptual tool called color space. Color space aid the process of describing color between people , between software or machines. Color gamut is the area enclosed by a color space in two or three dimensions. Color space is useful to understand the color capabilities of a particular device or digital image and also useful to identify colors in a more intuitive way. There are many color spaces – sRGB, Adobe RGB, L*a*b*, L*u*v*, CMYK etc. Different color spaces are better for different applications. RGB is used in many display devices computer monitor, digital camera or a television, which uses these as its base colors. CMYK is more commonly used in printers. However, no two display devices are equal. A color shade defined by certain value of RGB on one device may look completely different on another device. A device dependent color space is a color space where the color produced depends both the parameters used and on the equipment used for display. Many devices have their own device-dependent RGB color spaces. RGB space can be visualised like a cube with the three axes corresponding to red, green and blue. L*a*b* color space proposed by CIELAB is popular because it is device independent and the L parameter has a good correlation with perceived lightness. It is non linear and intended to mimic the logarithmic responses of the human eye. Any color can be described by a combination of three coordinates, L*, a*,and b* , where L* is the total quantity of light reflected ,a* represents color ranging from red to green , and b* represents color ranging from blue to yellow . L* measures the brightness component of color, and it varies on an achromatic gray scale between a value of 0 (black) to100 (white). The a* and b* coordinates can be converted into hue angle and chroma of color . Hue refers the degree to which a stimulus can be described as similar to or different from stimuli where 0Â ° represents red and 90Â ° represents yellow. Chroma describes the intensity of color, with higher chroma indicating greater intensity. Melanin density and distribution can be assessed by the L* values wheras erythema can be known by the a* values. The color of gluteal region can be taken as the constitutive color whereas the cheek will give details of the facultative color. Skin that is usually exposed to the sun has a more intense red component, presumably because of increased vascularization. Exposed skin also showed lower reflectance (L*) than covered skin, probably because of melanin .Higher L* levels were associated with lighter skin, tendency for sunburn and less tanning . Han K et al (1) observed that the L*a*b* color space to be the most popular system used to measure skin color. The average L*a*b* values for the body parts were 61.74, 9.56 and 17.07, respectively. The site of lightest skin was found to be the medial arm , whereas the darkest was on the forehead . Redness was highest on the cheek and lowest on the medial arm . Skin color was lighter and more yellow in females than in males, whereas redness was higher in males. The factors that significantly influenced L* were sex, work place and sunbathing, factors that influenced a* were sex, work place and smoking; and the factors that influenced b* were sunbathing and age . Ian LWeatherall et al (2) did color measurement in ventral forearm of skin of 99 subjects and expressed the results in terms of color space L*, a*, and b* values. L* values ranged from 59.7 to 73.4.The hue angle ranged from 54.0 to 77.8degrees.The chroma values ranged from 13.2 to 21.6. These color-space parameters are proposed for the unambiguous communication of skin color information that relates directly to visual observations of clinical importance or scientific interest. Yun et al (3) introduced a new technique to measure L*a*b* color coordinates and the melanin and erythema indexes at the same time by analyzing the skin color of normal Asians . While the correlation of the melanin index with the L* value was negative, it was positively correlated with the a* and b* values. While the erythema index showed a weak correlation with the b* value, its correlation was negative with the L* value and positive with the a* value. Change in colorimetric values of bruises over time was significant for all three color parameters (L*a*b*), the most notable changes being the decrease in red (a*) and increase in yellow (b*) starting at 24 h.( 4) Colorimetric skin color values can also be used to study pigmentation capacity, to predict the risk of actinic cancer, in the study of reactions induced by physical and allergic stimuli ,for choosing appropriate sunscreens (5) Comparison using cheaper and novel ideas in this regard is yet to come. Recent advances in Information technology has allowed us to understand color vision and to extract the true color of the skin. REFERENCES 1) Han K, Choi T, Son D et al Skin color of Koreans: statistical evaluation of affecting factors. Skin Research and Technology 2006; 12(3):170-7 2) Ian LWeatherall1 and Bernard DCoombs Skin Color Measurements in Terms of CIELAB Color Space Values . Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1992; 99: 468–473. 3) Yun IS,LEE WJ et al Skin color analysis using a spectrophotometer in Asians. Skin Res Technol. 2010 ;16(3):311-5. 4) Scafide, K. R., et al. Evaluating change in bruise colorimetry and the effect of subject characteristics over time. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2013; 9(3): 367-376. 5) Andreassi ,Flori L Practical applications of cutaneous colorimetry. Clinics in Dermatology 1995; 13(4):369-73

The Breast Cancer Information Gap :: essays research papers

This article is about the risks of breast implants and breast cancer. The author believes that people making decisions to have breast reconstruction need to be well informed before they make the choice. The risks of breast implants include pain, breakage, leakage, and links to many other diseases. There are two types of breast implants. There are saline and silicone. Both of them have outer silicone shells but one is filled with saline and the other silicone. The FDA didn't look at the hazards of breast implants until 1991. They realized that leakage of silicone could be harmful and insisted on restricting the use of silicone implants. In 1999, there were versions of saline implants that were approved by the FDA to be "safe" Silicone breast implants are said to feel more natural, yet the saline implants are safer in case of rupture. It is not really known that saline implants have their fair share of risks. Seventy percent of patients will experience at least one of the fol lowing four problems: pain, hardness, infection, or rupture within the first 3 years of the surgery. The most common problem is Capsular Contracture. This occurs in thirty-five percent of women who get either saline or silicone implants. In a Capsular Contracture the scar tissue tightens around the implant causing the breast to be hard, misshapen, and painful. All breast implants are going to eventually break anytime between three months and ten-fifteen years. Twenty-five percent of women with implants have them removed within three years following the surgery due to leakage or breakage. When a saline implant breaks, the saline leaks out really fast. The saline is absorbed by the body and the deflated implant will need to be surgically removed. On the other hand, when a silicone implant ruptures it is a bit more of a mess. Silicone tends to be sticky, so it can be hard to impossible to completely remove all of it. When an implant breaks, there could be pain, bumps, tenderness, tingling, and even numbness in her breasts. Sometimes, there can be what is called "silent rupture" where the gel slowly migrates to other parts of the body.