The Law of Contract Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Therefore, considerable importance is attached to exemption clauses by the courts6. No such prominent notice was given to Maggie, and the reverse of the ticket contained a direction to view the website of English Rail, for information regarding its rules. As such, the exclusion clause was not incorporated into the contract, prior to the completion of the contract. Hence it is invalid. In Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking, the court rejected the exclusion clause, and ruled that printing the exclusion clause on the reverse of the ticket constituted insufficient notice to customers7. Due to the gross negligence of English Rail’s staff, Maggie sustained injury to her ankle and her new coat was damaged. According to the Unfair Contract Terms Act, no contractual exclusion term can exclude liability or limit liability, in any manner, in cases involving negligence that resulted in injury or the death of an individual8. Consequently, English Rail will be liable for the loss or injury caused to Maggie, on account of their negligence. She can claim damages for her torn coat and sprained ankle. English Rail cannot rely on the exemption clause to avoid damages or responsibility for the loss caused to Maggie. Part Two At the offices of Boxes & Things, Maggie informed the proprietrix, Victoria that she required cake boxes of specific dimensions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Law of Contract or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Ancient Egyptian Slavery - 745 Words

Ancient Cultures Ancient Egyptian Slavery In ancient Egypt a slave was defined as person kept in servitude as property of a person or household. In Egyptian society you would keep your civil rights even though you were a slave. In Egypt it was the master’s duties to take care of the slaves and treat them right. Because it was part of the master’s duties at times slaves would have a higher status and better living than free people. In ancient Egypt there were different types of slaves and different was to become a slave. Person would become an indentured servant if he or she owed a debt. People also became indentured servant to escape poverty and to gain status. A person could also become a slave if he or she was convicted of a crime. The person in charge had the authority to give the punishment of forced labor, and people in forced labor did not get the same rights and privileges as other slaves. A person could also become slave through war. It was quite common in ancient culture the losing side’s warriors would become slaves for labor. Ancient Roman Slavery The ancient Roman society was heavily dependent on slavery. Slavery allowed the romans to build up their empire and economy. In the Roman Empire slaves did not have rights which differ from slavery in Ancient Egypt. The master of slaves in the Roman Empire had power over life or death. The master could kill his slave without warning or reason and would not receive any form of punishment. Even though slaves did notShow MoreRelatedOther Goat And Ram Gods1407 Words   |  6 PagesOther Goat/Ram Gods Among the various goat/ram Egyptian gods besides Pan and Amon/Amen, there occurs Khem/Khnum, Banebdjedet, Mendes, Bacchus, Set, Min, Horus, Ra, Osiris, that parallel goat presentations. Predominantly, these particular gods intertwine their relationship together due to their sexual standings. Due to Pan’s sexual perversions, predictably Egypt had claims of different places being â€Å"the only place of goat worship;† nevertheless, there are conspicuously numerous locations. MendesRead MoreSumerian vs. Egyptian Civilizations: Political Structure Religion Society and Culture820 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations in terms of political structure, religion, society, and culture. Account for the similarities and differences between them. Despite the fact that ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations grew up rather close together, both civilizations evolved in vastly different ways. The influence of geography cannot be underestimated. Although both civilizations were located in what is now the Middle East, ancient Sumerians lived in a constant stateRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Era1123 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egypt was a civilisation in North-eastern Africa. It is among the oldest civilisations on Earth, thriving as an independent nation from 8,000 BCE to 525 BCE. Ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilisation in the Mediterranean world, being the most culturally advanced nation in every area of human knowledge. From technology to religion– the ancient Egyptian era was the most influential era, especially to the Ancient Greeks. Egypt’s majesty has long astounded archaeologists, particularly thatRead MoreSlavery Is A Fundamental Part Of American History1649 Words   |  7 PagesVic tor R/ST 302 Question #1 Slavery is a fundamental part of American history and this country would not be where it is if it were not for the importation of the African American people, albeit against their wills this was a cornerstone of our country. Slavery is defined as a relationship in which absolute power and control is exerted over an individual’s life effectively leaving them with no liberty or much chance at a life of freedom as American citizens. Slavery overall cannot be attributed toRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Era1303 Words   |  6 Pagesand is among the oldest civilisations on Earth, thriving as an independent nation from 8,000 BCE to 525 BCE. Ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilisation in the Mediterranean world, being the most culturally advanced nation in every area of human knowledge. From science to technology to the arts and religion – the ancient Egyptian era was the most influential era, especially to the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Egypt’s majesty has long astounded archaeologists, particularly that the Egyptian’s wouldRead MoreThe Stomach Is The Center And Origin Of Civilization905 Words   |  4 Pageslifestyle, especially through agriculture and the development of farming. Ancient Egypt grew many of the crops used in the Old World, producing a variety of fruits, vegetables and grains to supplement their diet of fish, poultry and dairy. Specifically, their cereal plants such as wheat, barley and rye, aided in the evolution of bread and beer, influencing not only Egyptian society, but also the surrounding territories. Ancient Egyptians artifacts have been uncovered, providing evidence of the importanceRead More Moses Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesago during their journey from slavery in Egypt to freedom as a nation in the land of Israel. For 40 years Moses led the people through the desert on their way to Israel and helped shape them into a nation that could live under the laws of God. Moses oversaw the creation an d development of the first Israelite systems of worship, the anointing of the family line of his brother Aaron as priests, and the creation of a legal system of governance for the community. Ancient Israel had a long oral traditionRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Middle Kingdom And Ancient Egypt891 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the ancient Egyptians conservative nature and keeping to their core values, there were many changes within the infrastructure of their society during the middle kingdom. When Historians and scholars study the Old Kingdom, and the Middle Kingdom, One will notice that alterations to their religion, art, and architecture changed through both periods in history. Internal forces, as well as outside influences, shaped ancient Egyptian civilization. One would argue that the terms Old, middle andRead MoreJean Pierre Corteggiani From The French Institute Of Oriental Archeology962 Words   |  4 Pageswould be nothing without the water supplied by th e Nile river. Water was life at the time of the ancient Egyptian civilization. The source of life of this river comes from the mountains of Ethiopia, 2,000 kilometers from the Delta. However, between the months of June to September when is storm season, the Nile river overflows becoming a sea converting nearby cities into islands. Therefore, Egyptians tried to keep a record of the Nile’s first signs of overflow by building Nilometers to measure increasesRead MoreThe, Boating, And Bodies : Egyptian Culture And Its Impact Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesBowling, Boating, and Bodies: Egyptian Culture and its Impact Imagine for a moment you are in Ancient Egypt. The air is hot and dry, the wind blows stinging sand against your face, and you can hear the rushing of the Nile. Up the road from you is the marketplace where vendors sell their wares. People shout and run and argue and work, not the least bit aware that their own culture is helping to shape that of the rest of the world for thousands of years to come. The Egyptians were responsible for a variety

Juvenile Offenders Are Not Charged With Crimes - 968 Words

Juvenile offenders are not charged with crimes; they are charged with delinquent acts. To determine whether or not a juvenile should be charged as an adult would be dependent upon what the juvenile was charged with (NCJRS Abstract- National Criminal Justice Reference Service,† n.d.). Juveniles who commit violent offenses to the extent that it labels the juvenile themselves as violent, should be charged as an adult. These types of offenses would include rape, murder, or any aggravated crimes where serious bodily injury or death occurred. Any offenses committed by a juvenile where a weapon was used would be another instance where they may need to be tried as an adult. In certain cases, there are two different types of crimes and acts. These are called â€Å"crimes† and â€Å"delinquent acts†. A crime is any action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law. Some examples of these would be, nonviolent, proper ty crimes, embezzlement, fraud and bribery to list a few. Delinquent acts, however are committed by a juvenile for which an adult could be prosecuted in a criminal court, but when committed by a juvenile is within the jurisdiction of the court (Listenbea, 2016). These two are very different but very similar all at the same time. Being knowledgeable of the two can affect how and adult or juvenile are charged in certain cases. Most juvenile delinquents in the United States are typically under the age of 17Show MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate For Juvenile Crime1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe way the courts deal with juvenile delinquents varies depending on the country. Even the age of criminal responsibility is different depending on the country. Most people think when you become 18 you are no longer a minor and can be charged as an adult, well in Japan until you are 20 you can still be charged as a minor. In germany they consider 21 a legal adult .On the other hand when you become 17 in Australia you are charged as an adult. They way they treat juveniles in prison also differs. TheRead MoreThe Main Aim Of Eradicating Criminal From The Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Crimes The main aim of eradicating criminal from the society is to enhance peaceful coexistence among people and to aid development. In this regard, individuals who fail to fit in this setting should be eradicated regardless of their age and made responsible for their actions. Releasing murderers, rapists, and other criminals from jail after serving a lenient and short sentence does not rehabilitate them in any way. In this regard, all those who are engaged in criminal activities that riskRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A System Modeled To Provide1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System is a system modeled to provide a legal setting where youths account for their wrongs or are offered official protection. A distinct juveniles justice system commenced in the United States over 100 years ago. The first juvenile court was established in 1899. The system is founded under a range of core principles. First, juveniles are different from adults and hence need to be handled dif ferently by the Justice System. Second, it is argued that juveniles differ from oneRead More Juvelines Tried as Adults in Court Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesa difficult decision should juvenile offenders be given smaller sentences because of their age. Today officials still are having trouble with this situation. Some experts believe some offender should be tried as adults , others believe no juvenile offenders should be tried as adults and some even think all should be tried as adults. My opinion Juvenile criminals the way all offenders should be tried. According to Mr. Steve Smith 40% of inmates in prison are juveniles and he also says 150,000 prisonersRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System860 Words   |  4 PagesOnce youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. So once juvenile is making face to face contact with the police officers, his life is in the hands of that officer who can make very important and sometimeRead MoreJuvenile Courts Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Courts in United States Persons aged below 18 years are regarded as underage and when they break the law they are not charged in the adult courts. They are charged in the young offender courts which are also called Juvenile courts. For an offender to be eligible for juvenile court, he or she must be under the state’s laws categorized as a juvenile. The age of 18 years is the maximum age at which an offender can use juvenile courts. The applicable age in a few states is 16 or 17 years, whileRead MorePros And Cons Of Juvenile Offenders1024 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Offenders or Adult Criminals? The act of participating in a crime by a minor is considered juvenile delinquency. This criminal act may be punished by many different means, designed specifically to deal with those who are under the statutory age of majority, which is the threshold of adulthood in law. However, many people argue that the severity of the juvenile prosecution system isnt high enough to order proper punishment. Therefore, juvenile offenders should be tried under adult laws.Read MoreThe Delinquency Is A Symptom Of A Deep Disturbance Of Personality1658 Words   |  7 Pagesrehabilitation: psychotherapy, drug therapy, individualized institutional, etc. Young offenders are not monsters. They are people like many others, who had never committed any criminal act. When the offender is an adolescent or child, a disturbing dissonance between the seriousness of the violation of law and the idea that it is generally the nature of the child or adolescent arises. The adolescent who commits a crime rarely is so d eficient in his decision-making capacity that he cannot comprehend theRead MoreThe Juvenile Court : An Adult Offender991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Juvenile Court was established in 1899, under the Juvenile Court Act. The Act was established under three principles; children at a certain age are too young to be held accountable for their actions, they are not mentally competent, and they are more likely to be rehabilitated than an adult offender. However, in the past years juvenile are committing more violent crimes that suggest they should be tried in criminal courts rather than juvenile courts. It is my belief that if a child under theRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Charged As Adults?956 Words   |  4 Pages Should Juveniles Be Charged As Adults? Juveniles are being charged as adults more regularly, being housed in adult prisons and the judicial system is using this as a type of reform. There are multiple reasons that this type of reform has become more acceptable and why some believe it depends on the charge to whether the child committing the crime should be charged as an adult, as well as why housing minors whom charged as adults should not be housed in adult facilities

Critical Success Factors in Knowledge Management

Questions: 1. List the knowledge management initiatives adopted by HP? 2. Explain the impact of adopting knowledge management practices on HPs success? 3. The case study indicated that HP has used Lotus notes as a technology vehicle to establish different knowledge bases. Conduct a brief search about Lotus notes and explain how it is useful in establishing a knowledge base. What is the importance of having a knowledge base in knowledge management? 4. Why do you think the Training Review never took off? What could have Karney done in order to make it work? 5. What are the incentives that Karney used to promote the knowledge bases? What was the effect of those incentives? 6. Karney declared that there is a risk with the knowledge base. What was it and how did he propose to overcome it? 7. Why do you think the knowledge management with PPO customers initiative did not succeed? 8. The PPO knowledge management group is currently working on three projects. List these 3 projects, predict some risks that would face the implementation of these projects and how to overcome them from a knowledge management perspective.Guidelines: Answers: 1. Trainers trading post is a community forum based on lotus notes. In this forum, people share their knowledge, ideas, materials, ask queries and seek expert view on their approach and much more (Davenport, 1998). Initially, people were reluctant to share their posts and knowledge on the forum but after a lot of incentives in form of free license for notes, airlines miles, and number of posts as well as participation went up. After sometime, it was find that although people are participating but that permanently requires an evangelist to encourage and motivate them constantly. Connex is a short term defined for connection to experts. It is a detailed directory of HP experts that contains the profiles of the people along with their education information, their expertise detail, their background and achievements (Davenport, 1998). Thus, this forum makes it very easy to find the resource who is expert in a area. HP network news is simply a set of frequently asked questions, most popular products and frequently encountered problems which is available to download on its site for dealers (Davenport, 1998). As company is expanding, its technical support executives are constantly bombarded with increasing calls from dealers about the queries. By taking this initiative, there is a huge drop in the calls from dealer. 2. Knowledge management practices are very important for the success of any organization. It is because as the organization grows and more and more, it continuously needs more people with good skills and knowledge. Thus, knowledge management initiatives are very important for any organizations that focus on sharing the knowledge within the enterprise and preparation the future leaders. At HP, initiatives like Connex help people to connect with each other during challenges and get expert opinions in it. HP network news is a huge success as it has drastically reduced the calls received by technical support department by dealers. It makes dealers experts themselves by sharing knowledge with them (Lai, Chu, 2002). There are community forums where people can share knowledge, materials, and methods and thus it reduces the time to solve the problems. Also, HP is a decentralized company and all the business units have adopted knowledge management practices within their group however relucta nt to share their knowledge across group. All these knowledge management initiatives has made HP a very successful company today. 3. Lotus notes is an application suite designed by the IBM. Under this suite, there are many applications like email, calendar, database, web server, and programming. Most people think lotus notes as an email system but it is much more than that. It also has suite of products similar to what Microsoft offers i.e. outlook, access, SharePoint (Kamunya, Waweru, 2013). As the internet is evolving few years back and there is a growing need to exchange information, codes, procedures, reusable designs, best practices, manuals which created a new jargon Web content management (Barros, Ramos, Perez, 2015). During the same time, IBM lotus notes further popularize the term knowledge management which is sharing of knowledge by storing it in a base where anyone can access it whenever they need it. Lotus notes is very helpful in establishing a knowledge base as it provides all the tools that are required for a knowledge base. It also provides sample templates to configure and running up the knowledge base completely (Song, 2016). It comes with easy set of instructions that helps to configure the product, assigning responsibilities to different people based on their roles and get started for everyone. 4. Training review was one of the knowledge bases out of three started by Karney. It was a failure from the beginning and eventually has to merge with Training library which was another base started by Karney. The main reason for the failure was that people were not comfortable to share their opinion online about the content of the course, usefulness of the course, knowledge of the instructor, ability of the instructor to explain etc . And anything that does not collect and inculcate the honest feedback from the users will be doomed to failure and same happened with the training review (Fernandez, Stevenson, Martin, 2001). Karney could have given the incentives for participating and sharing the opinion about the course and instructor. This could have encouraged people to share their opinion online. Other thing Karney could have done is that he should allow the people to share their opinions anonymously. With this approach, he would have access to honest feedback from the people and can directly work with the educators and instructors to improve the content of the course. Keeping their identity secret in the training review program will also give people the confidence to share their opinion honestly. 5. Karney has adopted innovative ways to encourage people to participate in the knowledge bases by reading posts, submitting posts and comments. He had given the free notes license to promising users. He also gives the 3,000 airline miles free for the initial 50 readers and then another 500-airline mile for those who submits a post. Thus, by early 1996, statistics were very impressive showing that decent number of identified educators have read at least one post as well as submitted a post and comments. Karney has thought that incentives will help the people to get started on the forum and once they start, they will automatically be interested to participate and continue of their own. However, that did not happen. As the incentives are reducing, fresh contributions also start declining. Karney was continuously working to keep people motivated. Incentives helps to keep the people motivated only for a brief period. Once incentives are gone, people interest to participate was also going down. Karney realized the importance of Evangelist continuously to keep the people motivated continuously to make fresh contributions on the form (Bouthillier, Shearer, 2002). 6. Having a knowledge base is very important in knowledge management otherwise different people will ask same questions and thus multiple thread on same question/issue will only create a confusion. Thus, it is always advisable to have a knowledge base that will have frequently asked questions, common queries. People can search the knowledge base and if they are not able to find anything, they can post their query on the forum. Poor participation of the people in accessing the content as well as in submitting the new post and comments was the biggest risk with the knowledge base. Karney has given the incentives initially to get people started and picks up the momentum. However, as soon as the incentives were reducing, statistics shows that people participations also reduced. Fresh contributions are still coming but not at a speed at which they were coming during incentives. Karney proposes to have a permanent evangelist who can keep continuously engaged the people and keep them motivated to access the content and submit new posts. 7. HPs PPO group is a very big group that includes functions such as Procurement, Quality, Safety and environmental, organizational change, product marketing. Due to so much diversity, PPO customers are also quite diverse and their knowledge and learning needs are quite different from each other. Thus, PPO group lacks focus and difference in requirements of various groups. This is one of the most important reason for the failure of knowledge management initiatives with PPO customers (Holsapple, 2013). This knowledge management project with PPO customers has not clearly defined the scope (Akhavan, Zahedi, 2014) and thus, the task of summarizing knowledge of experts by means on interviews looks highly ambitious and the information system was also never built. One of the other reason could be HP calls its a failure very soon. Probably, if they would have spent more time in analyzing and implementing the system, it would have been successful (Hasan, Zhou, 2015). Thus, Company must ensure that such knowledge will be captured in the knowledge management and if new people, they can easily be brought up to the speed with the help of knowledge base (Beaven, 2015). 8. The PPO management group at HP is working currently on the 3 projects which are as follows: Obtaining competitor information for HPs component group: This group is about obtaining the information about the competitors, their key strengths and weaknesses. The most important risk here is that some people have in depth knowledge about competitors and in case, they quit the company, it poses a risk for HP as the knowledge will be lost along with the resource. Web based interface for research: This project will capture the primary and secondary research information and makes them available for the people in web pages. The risk could be that people who are involve in the research would feel reluctant to share their insights and thus the results of the primary research. In order to motivate them, appropriate incentives should be given. International marketing intelligence: It is a widespread fact in HP that its knowledge about the markets, customers and its product is the biggest competitive advantage. And thus, it is very much important that this information should be shared in a structured way and this is the goal of this project because no organizations wants that their key competencies are highly dependent on people. References Akhavan, P., Zahedi, M. R. (2014). Critical success factors in knowledge management among project-based organizations: A multi-case analysis. IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(1), 20. Barros, V. F. D. A., Ramos, I., Perez, G. (2015). Information systems and organizational memory: a literature review. JISTEM-Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 12(1), 45-63. Beaven, D. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,202,202. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Becerra-Fernandez, D., Stevenson, D., Martin, J. (2001). Knowledge management systems solutions for the school principal as Chief Learning Officer. Education, 121(3). Bouthillier, F., Shearer, K. (2002). Understanding knowledge management and information management: the need for an empirical perspective. Information research, 8(1), 8-1. Davenport, T. H. (1998). If only HP knew what HP knows.. Perspectives on Business Innovation, 1(1), 20-25. Hasan, M., Zhou, S. N. (2015). Knowledge Management in Global Organisations. International Business Research, 8(6), 165. Holsapple, C. (Ed.). (2013). Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters (Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Kamunya, S., Waweru, M. (2013, May). Utilization of knowledge management tools in software development. In IST-Africa Conference and Exhibition (IST-Africa), 2013 (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Lai, H., Chu, T. H. (2002). Knowledge management: a review of industrial cases. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42(5), 26-39. Song, J. (2016). 6 Knowledge and the Multinational Enterprise. International Business: Emerging Issues and Emerging Markets, 102.